Focused Developments
Age-related Macular Degeneration
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common eye disease that affects the retina in the eye which impacts the central vision, more importantly it is a leading cause of vision loss across the globe. The expected number of people with AMD globally in 2020 is 196 million, and expected to increase to 288 million by 2040.[1]
There are two types of AMD:
- Dry age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD), the deterioration of the retina is caused by the formation of small yellow deposits of cellular debris, known as drusen, which is made up of lipids and proteins.
- Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) which is also called the wet age-related macular degeneration is developed due to the abnormal blood vessels grow uncontrollably under the macula, and the leakage of blood or serum distort the central vision.
nAMD accounts for approximately 10% of the AMD total population, of which 90% results in blindness.[1] Moreover, dry AMD can progress to nAMD, where the risk for progression is correlated to the increasing number and size of drusen.
- Bright Focus Foundation, https://www.brightfocus.org/macular/article/age-related-macular-facts-figures, (accessed September 2020).
Uveitis
Uveitis is a form of eye inflammation affecting the uvea of the eye which consists of the iris, choroid, and the ciliary body. Uveitis can be caused by bacteria or virus in the eye, or related to an autoimmune disorder, namely infectious and non-infectious uveitis respectively. There are four types of uveitis, distinguished by the parts of the eye that is affected:
- Anterior uveitis: The most common form of uveitis, affecting the front of the eye.
- Intermediate uveitis: Affects the middle part of the eye, including the ciliary body and the vitreous.
- Posterior uveitis: Affecting the back of the eye, including the retina and choroid.
- Panuveitis: All parts of the eye are affected by inflammation.
Age-related Macular Degeneration
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common eye disease that affects the retina in the eye which impacts the central vision, more importantly it is a leading cause of vision loss across the globe. The expected number of people with AMD globally in 2020 is 196 million, and expected to increase to 288 million by 2040.[1]
There are two types of AMD:
- Dry age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD), the deterioration of the retina is caused by the formation of small yellow deposits of cellular debris, known as drusen, which is made up of lipids and proteins.
- Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) which is also called the wet age-related macular degeneration is developed due to the abnormal blood vessels grow uncontrollably under the macula, and the leakage of blood or serum distort the central vision.
nAMD accounts for approximately 10% of the AMD total population, of which 90% results in blindness.[1] Moreover, dry AMD can progress to nAMD, where the risk for progression is correlated to the increasing number and size of drusen.
- Bright Focus Foundation, https://www.brightfocus.org/macular/article/age-related-macular-facts-figures, (accessed September 2020).
Uveitis
Uveitis is a form of eye inflammation affecting the uvea of the eye which consists of the iris, choroid, and the ciliary body. Uveitis can be caused by bacteria or virus in the eye, or related to an autoimmune disorder, namely infectious and non-infectious uveitis respectively. There are four types of uveitis, distinguished by the parts of the eye that is affected:
- Anterior uveitis: The most common form of uveitis, affecting the front of the eye.
- Intermediate uveitis: Affects the middle part of the eye, including the ciliary body and the vitreous.
- Posterior uveitis: Affecting the back of the eye, including the retina and choroid.
- Panuveitis: All parts of the eye are affected by inflammation.
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